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CVE-2026-72054
net: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink
Published 2026-08-15 (2 months ago) by the Linux kernel CNA. Subsystem net/ipv4. Debian urgency: not yet assigned.
What to do, per Debian release
Debian's own status for CVE-2026-72054 in every release this site tracks, and what each one means in practice. Every status below is the one the Debian Security Team publishes for this CVE. source
| Release | Status | Version | What this means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian 12bookworm | fixed | 6.1.180-1 | Update the kernel and reboot. Fixed in 6.1.180-1. A running kernel keeps the old code until the machine restarts. |
| Debian 13trixie | fixed | 6.12.100-1 | Update the kernel and reboot. Fixed in 6.12.100-1. A running kernel keeps the old code until the machine restarts. |
| Debian 14forky | fixed | 7.1.5-1 | Update the kernel and reboot. Fixed in 7.1.5-1. A running kernel keeps the old code until the machine restarts. |
| Debian unstablesid | fixed | 7.1.5-1 | Update the kernel and reboot. Fixed in 7.1.5-1. A running kernel keeps the old code until the machine restarts. |
The vulnerability
What the bug is
vti_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the tunnel link netns t->net. They differ once the device is created in or moved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl changelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a caller privileged there but not in t->net can rewrite a tunnel that lives in t->net. Gate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top, before any attribute is parsed.
Where it lives
The fix touches these files. If the subsystem is one you do not use, the practical exposure is lower, though the package is still the vulnerable one.
net/ipv4/ip_vti.c
- What this is
- NETWORKING [IPSEC]MAINTAINERS section matched on net/ipv4/ip_vti.c · netdev@vger.kernel.org · Maintained
- Kernel module
- ip_vti
Check it on the machine
grep -wE 'CONFIG_INET|CONFIG_NET_IPVTI' /boot/config-$(uname -r)Reads the booted kernel's own configuration, on the machine and nowhere else. =y is built in, =m is a module, and an is not set line means the code is not there.
lsmod | grep -w ip_vtiPrints a line if that module is loaded right now, and nothing if it is not. One that is not loaded can still be loaded later by anything that needs it.
Show whether Debian builds this, per release
Debian builds this as a loadable module. Every release below compiles it as a module on every flavour, so whether the code is in the running kernel depends on whether that module is loaded.
- bookworm, trixie, forky, sidm
- m
- a loadable module on every flavour - check lsmod, can be blacklisted
- Build switches
- CONFIG_INET, CONFIG_NET_IPVTI
- Reads as
- all on means the file is compiled; any one off means it is not.
From the configuration Debian publishes for every kernel flavour it builds. It covers only the architectures Debian ships a linux-config package for, and nothing about a kernel you built yourself. Debian's own status above stays authoritative about the source package.MAINTAINERS kbuild Makefiles Debian linux-config packages
Signals
- Published
- 2026-08-15 (2 months ago)source
- CVSS
- 8.8 high
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:Hsource recompute it - Attack vector
- local (AV:L)source
- EPSS
- 0.17%, higher than 5.8% of all CVEssource
- CISA KEV
- not listedthe KEV catalogue
- Debian urgency
- not yet assignedsource
- Subsystem
- net/ipv4
Upstream fixes
The versions the CNA records as introducing and fixing this, and the commit for each. source
| Introduced | Fixed in | Commit |
|---|---|---|
| 3.15 | 5.10.261 | 1caf737e6251 |
| 3.15 | 5.15.212 | 32edf8aa2977 |
| 3.15 | 6.1.178 | 973ead9e5654 |
| 3.15 | 6.6.145 | 33fd93961557 |
| 3.15 | 6.12.97 | 6d8bc0dc9947 |
| 3.15 | 6.18.40 | 9571af2eec80 |
| 3.15 | 7.1.5 | 88b33ee458a6 |
| 3.15 | 7.2 | 95cceadbfd52 |
Why the CNA scored it this way
Quoted from the kernel CNA's own scoring file, word for word. A highlighted metric carries the most severe value CVSS v3.1 defines for it, which is what pushes the score up. source
- AV:LAttack vector, local
- Exploitation requires RTM_NEWLINK changelink over a local rtnetlink socket; vti_changelink is only reachable from rtnl configuration, not from received IPsec or IPv4 packets handled by vti_input/vti_rcv_proto.
- AC:LAttack complexity, low
- Once a VTI device exists with t->net differing from dev_net(dev) via IFLA_NET_NS_FD migration or IFLA_LINK_NETNSID newlink, a single deterministic netlink changelink bypasses the missing check with no race or memory-layout dependency.
- PR:LPrivileges required, low
- The rtnl entry path requires CAP_NET_ADMIN only in dev_net(dev), obtainable by an unprivileged local user via unshare --user --map-root-user --net; no CAP_NET_ADMIN in the sticky link netns t->net is required.
- UI:NUser interaction, none
- The attack is fully programmatic through netlink from the attacker's own process; no victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a file, or clicking is required.
- S:CScope, changed
- Authorization is checked against dev_net(dev) while vti_changelink mutates tunnel state in t->net via ip_tunnel_changelink/ip_tunnel_update, crossing from the attacker's net/user namespace into another tenant's or the host's network namespace.
- C:HConfidentiality impact, high
- An attacker can rewrite IFLA_VTI_LOCAL/REMOTE, i_key/o_key, link, and fwmark to redirect IPsec VTI traffic to an attacker-controlled endpoint, exposing decrypted inner payloads carried by the VPN tunnel in the victim link netns.
- I:HIntegrity impact, high
- Unauthorized changelink updates live VTI tunnel endpoints, IPsec keys, underlay netdev, and fwmark in t->net, enabling redirection and injection of IPsec-protected traffic across the namespace boundary.
- A:HAvailability impact, high
- Rewriting tunnel remote/local addresses, IPsec keys, or the underlay link breaks site-to-site IPsec VPN connectivity, causing sustained loss of service for every workload depending on the affected VTI tunnel.